100个python的基本语法知识【上】 浮点数(float)

0. 变量和赋值:
x = 5
name = “John”

1. 数据类型:
整数(int)
浮点数(float)
字符串(str)
布尔值(bool)

2. 注释:

# 这是单行注释
"""
这是
多行注释
"""

3. 算术运算:

a + b # 加法
a - b # 减法
a * b # 乘法
a / b # 除法
a % b # 取余
a ** b # 幂运算

4. 比较运算:

a == b # 等于
a != b # 不等于
a > b # 大于
a < b # 小于
a >= b # 大于等于
a 

5. 逻辑运算:

a and b
a or b
not a

6. 条件语句:

if condition:
 # do something
elif another_condition:
 # do something else
else:
 # do something different

7. 循环:

for i in range(5):
 print(i)
while condition:
 # do something

8. 列表:

my_list = [1, 2, 3]
my_list.append(4)
my_list[0] # 访问元素

9. 元组:

my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)

10. 字典:

my_dict = {"name": "John", "age": 30}
my_dict["name"] # 访问键值

11. 集合:

my_set = {1, 2, 3}
my_set.add(4)

12. 字符串操作:

s = "hello"
s.upper()
s.lower()
s.split(" ")
s.replace("h", "j")

13. 字符串格式化:

name = "John"
age = 30
f"Hello, {name}. You are {age}."

14. 列表解析:

squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]

15. 函数定义:

def my_function(param1, param2):
 return param1 + param2

16. 默认参数:

def my_function(param1, param2=5):
 return param1 + param2

17. 关键字参数:

def my_function(param1, param2):
 return param1 + param2
my_function(param2=10, param1=5)

18. 可变参数:

def my_function(*args):
 for arg in args:
 print(arg)
my_function(1, 2, 3)

19. 关键字可变参数:

def my_function(**kwargs):
 for key, value in kwargs.items():
 print(f"{key}: {value}")
my_function(name="John", age=30)

20. lambda表达式:

f = lambda x: x**2
f(5)

21. map函数:

list(map(lambda x: x**2, range(10)))

22. filter函数:

list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10)))

23. reduce函数:

from functools import reduce
reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, range(10))

24. 异常处理:

try:
 # do something
except Exception as e:
 print(e)
finally:
 # cleanup

25. 文件读取:

with open("file.txt", "r") as file:
 content = file.read()

26. 文件写入:

with open("file.txt", "w") as file:
 file.write("Hello, World!")

27. 类定义:

class MyClass:
 def __init__(self, param1):
 self.param1 = param1
 def my_method(self):
 return self.param1

28. 类继承:

class MyBaseClass:
 def __init__(self, param1):
 self.param1 = param1
class MyDerivedClass(MyBaseClass):
 def __init__(self, param1, param2):
 super().__init__(param1)
 self.param2 = param2

29. 魔法方法:

class MyClass:
 def __init__(self, param1):
 self.param1 = param1
 def __str__(self):
 return f"MyClass with param1={self.param1}"

30. 属性和装饰器:

class MyClass:
 def __init__(self, value):
 self._value = value
 @property
 def value(self):
 return self._value
 @value.setter
 def value(self, new_value):
 self._value = new_value

31. 生成器:

def my_generator():
 yield 1
 yield 2
 yield 3
for value in my_generator():
 print(value)

32. 列表解析和生成器表达式:

[x**2 for x in range(10)]
(x**2 for x in range(10))

33. 集合解析:

{x**2 for x in range(10)}

34. 字典解析:

{x: x**2 for x in range(10)}

35. 上下文管理器:

with open("file.txt", "r") as file:
 content = file.read()

36. 装饰器:

def my_decorator(func):
 def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
 print("Before function call")
 result = func(*args, **kwargs)
 print("After function call")
 return result
 return wrapper
@my_decorator
def my_function():
 print("Function call")
my_function()

37. 类型注解:

def my_function(param1: int, param2: str) -> str:
 return param2 * param1

38. 枚举:

from enum import Enum
class Color(Enum):
 RED = 1
 GREEN = 2
 BLUE = 3

39. 迭代器:

class MyIterator:
 def __init__(self, start, end):
 self.current = start
 self.end = end
 def __iter__(self):
 return self
 def __next__(self):
 if self.current >= self.end:
 raise StopIteration
 else:
 self.current += 1
 return self.current - 1

40. JSON解析:

import json
json_str = '{"name": "John", "age": 30}'
data = json.loads(json_str)

41. 日期和时间:

from datetime import datetime
now = datetime.now()

42. 随机数生成:

import random
random_number = random.randint(1, 10)

43. 数学运算:

import math
math.sqrt(16)

44. 模块和包:

# my_module.py
def my_function():
 return "Hello"
# main.py
import my_module
my_module.my_function()

45. 命名空间:

global_var = 5
def my_function():
 local_var = 10
 global global_var
 global_var = 20

46. 继承和多态:

class Animal:
 def speak(self):
 pass
class Dog(Animal):
 def speak(self):
 return "Woof"
class Cat(Animal):
 def speak(self):
 return "Meow"

47. 操作系统交互:

import os
os.getcwd()
os.listdir(".")

48. 命令行参数:

import sys
for arg in sys.argv:
 print(arg)

49. 正则表达式:

import re
pattern = r"\d+"
re.findall(pattern, "There are 2 apples and 5 bananas.")
作者:roc-ever原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/roc_ever/article/details/140643295

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