架构说明

10.0.0.18 master节点和10.0.0.22节点互为主
10.0.0.19 10.0.0.18的slave节点
10.0.0.22 master节点和10.0.0.19节点互为主
10.0.0.24 10.0.0.22的slave节点
10.0.0.23 mycat节点
mysql版本8.0.32
系统版本：rocky8.4

mysql主从搭建

#搭建双主节点
#搭建第一个主10.0.0.18
#注释掉/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf
cat >/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf<<'EOF'
#
# This group are read by MySQL server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mysqld according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
#[mysqld]
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
#pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#log-bin=/data/mysql/logbin/mysql-bin
EOF
#配置主节点的my.cat配置
cat >/etc/my.cnf<<'EOF'
#
# This group is read both both by the client and the server
# use it for options that affect everything
#
[client-server]
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
server-id=18
#read-only
general_log
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency
log-bin=/data/mysql/logbin/mysql-bin
EOF
#创建存放二进制日志的目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql/logbin/
chown -R mysql.mysql /data
#启动数据库
systemctl enable --now mysqld
#配置账号和授权
mysql
create user 'repluser'@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456';
grant replication slave on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.0.0.%';
#创建mycat使用的账号
create user 'wbiao'@'10.0.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
grant ALL ON hellodb.* TO 'wbiao'@'10.0.0.%';
#搭建第二个主10.0.0.22
#注释掉/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf
cat >/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf<<'EOF'
#
# This group are read by MySQL server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mysqld according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
#[mysqld]
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
#pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#log-bin=/data/mysql/logbin/mysql-bin
EOF
#配置主节点的my.cat配置
cat >/etc/my.cnf<<'EOF'
#
# This group is read both both by the client and the server
# use it for options that affect everything
#
[client-server]
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
server-id=22
#read-only
general_log
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency
log-bin=/data/mysql/logbin/mysql-bin
EOF
#创建存放二进制日志的目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql/logbin/
chown -R mysql.mysql /data
#启动数据库
systemctl enable --now mysqld
#10.0.0.22指向10.0.0.18
执行change master to
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.18',
MASTER_USER='repluser',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
#开启IO线程和SQL线程
start slave;
#检查状态
show slave status\G
#检查
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------------------+-----------+
| repluser | 10.0.0.% |
| wbiao | 10.0.0.% |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
10.0.0.18指向10.0.0.22
执行change master to
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.22',
MASTER_USER='repluser',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
#开启IO线程和SQL线程
start slave;
#检查状态
show slave status\G
#配置10.0.0.18的从节点10.0.0.19
#注释掉/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf
cat >/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf<<'EOF'
#
# This group are read by MySQL server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mysqld according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
#[mysqld]
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
#pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#log-bin=/data/mysql/logbin/mysql-bin
EOF
#配置从节点10.0.0.19的my.cat配置
cat >/etc/my.cnf<<'EOF'
#
# This group is read both both by the client and the server
# use it for options that affect everything
#
[client-server]
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
server-id=19
read-only
general_log
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency
log-bin=/data/mysql/logbin/mysql-bin
EOF
#创建存放二进制日志的目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql/logbin/
chown -R mysql.mysql /data
#启动数据库
systemctl enable --now mysqld
#从节点10.0.0.19执行change master to
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.18',
MASTER_USER='repluser',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
#开启IO线程和SQL线程
start slave;
#检查状态
show slave status\G
##配置10.0.0.22的从节点10.0.0.24
#注释掉/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf
cat >/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf<<'EOF'
#
# This group are read by MySQL server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mysqld according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
#[mysqld]
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
#pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#log-bin=/data/mysql/logbin/mysql-bin
EOF
#配置从节点10.0.0.24的my.cat配置
cat >/etc/my.cnf<<'EOF'
#
# This group is read both both by the client and the server
# use it for options that affect everything
#
[client-server]
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
server-id=24
read-only
general_log
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency
log-bin=/data/mysql/logbin/mysql-bin
EOF
#创建存放二进制日志的目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql/logbin/
chown -R mysql.mysql /data
#启动数据库
systemctl enable --now mysqld
#从节点10.0.0.24执行change master to
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.22',
MASTER_USER='repluser',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
#开启IO线程和SQL线程
start slave;
#检查状态
show slave status\G
#10.0.0.18导入hellodb的数据库
[root@10 ~]# mysql <hellodb_innodb.sql
##检查状态
show slave status\G
#所有节点检查数据
select * from hellodb.students;
#双主只能对一个主进行写操作

 mycat搭建10.0.0.23

#安装java环境
yum -y install java
#创建安装目录和解压
mkdir -p /apps
tar -xf Mycat-server-1.6.7.6-release-20210303094759-linux.tar.gz -C /app
#配置环境变量
[root@10 ~]# echo 'PATH=/apps/mycat/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh
[root@10 ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh
[root@10 ~]# echo $PATH
/apps/mycat/bin:/usr/share/Modules/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
#配置mycat实现读写分离主从高可用
#修改schema.xml的配置文件
#balance="2"，所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。
#balance="1"，全部的readHost与stand by writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡，简单的说，当双主双从模式(M1->S1，M2->S2，并且M1与M2互为主备)
#writeType属性负载均衡类型，目前的取值有3种：
#1.writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost，第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost，重新启动后已切换后的为准，切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties.
#2.writeType="1"，所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost，1.5以后废弃不推荐。
#3.writeType="2"，不执行写操作
[root@10 conf]# cat schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
 <schema name="wbiao" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
 </schema>
 <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="hellodb" />
 <dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
 writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
 <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
 <writeHost host="host1" url="10.0.0.18:3306" user="wbiao" password="123456">
 <readHost host="host2" url="10.0.0.19:3306" user="wbiao" password="123456" />
 </writeHost>
 <writeHost host="host3" url="10.0.0.22:3306" user="wbiao" password="123456">
 <readHost host="host4" url="10.0.0.23:3306" user="wbiao" password="123456" />
 </writeHost>
 </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
#server.xml配置文件
[root@10 conf]# cat server.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
 - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You 
 may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
 - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT 
 WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the 
 License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
 under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
 <system>
 <property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property> <!-- 0为需要密码登陆、1为不需要密码登陆 ,默认为0，设置为1则需要指定默认账户-->
 <property name="ignoreUnknownCommand">0</property><!-- 0遇上没有实现的报文(Unknown command:),就会报错、1为忽略该报文，返回ok报文。
 在某些mysql客户端存在客户端已经登录的时候还会继续发送登录报文,mycat会报错,该设置可以绕过这个错误-->
 <property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>
 <property name="removeGraveAccent">1</property>
 <property name="useSqlStat">0</property> <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 -->
 <property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property> <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 -->
 <property name="sqlExecuteTimeout">300</property> <!-- SQL 执行超时 单位:秒-->
 <property name="sequenceHandlerType">1</property>
 <!--<property name="sequnceHandlerPattern">(?:(\s*next\s+value\s+for\s*MYCATSEQ_(\w+))(,|\)|\s)*)+</property>
 INSERT INTO `travelrecord` (`id`,user_id) VALUES ('next value for MYCATSEQ_GLOBAL',"xxx");
 -->
 <!--必须带有MYCATSEQ_或者 mycatseq_进入序列匹配流程 注意MYCATSEQ_有空格的情况-->
 <property name="sequnceHandlerPattern">(?:(\s*next\s+value\s+for\s*MYCATSEQ_(\w+))(,|\)|\s)*)+</property>
 <property name="subqueryRelationshipCheck">false</property> <!-- 子查询中存在关联查询的情况下,检查关联字段中是否有分片字段 .默认 false -->
 <property name="sequenceHanlderClass">io.mycat.route.sequence.handler.HttpIncrSequenceHandler</property>
 <!-- <property name="useCompression">1</property>--> <!--1为开启mysql压缩协议-->
 <!-- <property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6.20</property>--> <!--设置模拟的MySQL版本号-->
 <!-- <property name="processorBufferChunk">40960</property> -->
 <!-- 
 <property name="processors">1</property> 
 <property name="processorExecutor">32</property> 
 -->
 <!--默认为type 0: DirectByteBufferPool | type 1 ByteBufferArena | type 2 NettyBufferPool -->
 <property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
 <property name="serverPort">3306</property>
 <!--默认是65535 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度 -->
 <!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>-->
 <!--<property name="sequenceHandlerType">0</property>-->
 <!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
 <!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
 <!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>-->
 <!--
 <property name="serverPort">8066</property>
 <property name="managerPort">9066</property>
 <property name="idleTimeout">300000</property>
 <property name="authTimeout">15000</property>
 <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property>
 <property name="dataNodeIdleCheckPeriod">300000</property> 5 * 60 * 1000L; //连接空闲检查
 <property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property> <property name="processors">32</property> -->
 <!--分布式事务开关，0为不过滤分布式事务，1为过滤分布式事务（如果分布式事务内只涉及全局表，则不过滤），2为不过滤分布式事务,但是记录分布式事务日志-->
 <property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>
 
 <!--
 off heap for merge/order/group/limit 1开启 0关闭
 -->
 <property name="useOffHeapForMerge">0</property>
 <!--
 单位为m
 -->
 <property name="memoryPageSize">64k</property>
 <!--
 单位为k
 -->
 <property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>
 <property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>
 <!--
 单位为m
 -->
 <property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>
 <!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换 -->
 <property name="useZKSwitch">false</property>
 <!-- XA Recovery Log日志路径 -->
 <!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseDir">./</property>-->
 <!-- XA Recovery Log日志名称 -->
 <!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseName">tmlog</property>-->
 <!--如果为 true的话 严格遵守隔离级别,不会在仅仅只有select语句的时候在事务中切换连接-->
 <property name="strictTxIsolation">false</property>
 <!--如果为0的话,涉及多个DataNode的catlet任务不会跨线程执行-->
 <property name="parallExecute">0</property>
 <property name="serverBacklog">2048</property>
 </system>
 
 <!-- 全局SQL防火墙设置 -->
 <!--白名单可以使用通配符%或着*-->
 <!--例如<host host="127.0.0.*" user="root"/>-->
 <!--例如<host host="127.0.*" user="root"/>-->
 <!--例如<host host="127.*" user="root"/>-->
 <!--例如<host host="1*7.*" user="root"/>-->
 <!--这些配置情况下对于127.0.0.1都能以root账户登录-->
 <!--
 <firewall>
 <whitehost>
 <host host="1*7.0.0.*" user="root"/>
 </whitehost>
 <blacklist check="false">
 </blacklist>
 </firewall>
 -->
 <user name="root" defaultAccount="true">
 <property name="password">qwe123</property>
 <property name="schemas">wbiao</property>
 <property name="defaultSchema">wbiao</property>
 <!--No MyCAT Database selected 错误前会尝试使用该schema作为schema，不设置则为null,报错 -->
 
 <!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 -->
 <!-- 
 <privileges check="false">
 <schema name="wbiao" dml="0110" >
 <table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table>
 <table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table>
 </schema>
 </privileges> 
 -->
 </user>
 <user name="user">
 <property name="password">user</property>
 <property name="schemas">wbiao</property>
 <property name="readOnly">true</property>
 <property name="defaultSchema">wbiao</property>
 </user>
</mycat:server>
#启动mycat
[root@10 conf]# mycat start
Starting Mycat-server...
监控日志
[root@10 ~]# tail -F /apps/mycat/logs/wrapper.log
STATUS | wrapper | 2023/05/24 02:44:41 | <-- Wrapper Stopped
STATUS | wrapper | 2023/05/24 02:44:45 | --> Wrapper Started as Daemon
STATUS | wrapper | 2023/05/24 02:44:45 | Launching a JVM...
INFO | jvm 1 | 2023/05/24 02:44:46 | Wrapper (Version 3.2.3) http://wrapper.tanukisoftware.org
INFO | jvm 1 | 2023/05/24 02:44:46 | Copyright 1999-2006 Tanuki Software, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
INFO | jvm 1 | 2023/05/24 02:44:46 | 
INFO | jvm 1 | 2023/05/24 02:44:48 | MyCAT Server startup successfully. see logs in logs/mycat.log
#链接测试
[root@10 conf]# mysql -uroot -pqwe123 -h10.0.0.23
#读测试
mysql> select @@hostname;
+------------+
| @@hostname |
+------------+
| 10.0.0.24 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.08 sec)
mysql> select @@hostname;
+------------+
| @@hostname |
+------------+
| 10.0.0.22 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @@hostname;
+------------+
| @@hostname |
+------------+
| 10.0.0.19 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select @@hostname;
+------------+
| @@hostname |
+------------+
| 10.0.0.19 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select @@hostname;
+------------+
| @@hostname |
+------------+
| 10.0.0.24 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select @@hostname;
+------------+
| @@hostname |
+------------+
| 10.0.0.22 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#写测试
mysql> update teachers set name=@@hostname where tid=5;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | 10.0.0.18 | 93 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update teachers set name=@@hostname where tid=3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | 10.0.0.18 | 77 | F |
| 4 | 10.0.0.18 | 93 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#关闭10.0.0.18的mysql
[root@10 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
#mycat做主的高可用的写测试
mysql> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | 10.0.0.18 | 77 | F |
| 4 | 10.0.0.18 | 93 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update teachers set name=@@hostname where tid=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.22 | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | 10.0.0.18 | 77 | F |
| 4 | 10.0.0.18 | 93 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> update teachers set name=@@hostname where tid=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from teachers;
+-----+-----------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+-----------+-----+--------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.22 | 45 | M |
| 2 | 10.0.0.22 | 94 | M |
| 3 | 10.0.0.18 | 77 | F |
| 4 | 10.0.0.18 | 93 | F |
+-----+-----------+-----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)